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天下没有免费的午餐,买基金也必须缴费。公募基金的费用包括一次性费用和年度运作费用。其中,一次性费用发生在投资者认购、申购或赎回基金时,年度运作费用主要包括管理费和托管费,均按照资产净值百分比的形式单日计提,月底结算。这意味着,无论基金业绩好坏,管理费和托管费都得缴付。试想有朝一日基金不赚钱,管理费等运作费用只会扩大投资者的损失。
细数运作费率
在运作费率相同的情况下,投资者对不同投资品种收益率的敏感程度可能会大相径庭。例如,年度回报20%的股票扣除2%成本,投资者仍可以获得18%的收益水平。如果在2%的费率水平下,另一只股票仅取得8%的年度收益,投资者不免怨声载道,因为后者四分之一的收益都用来弥补成本了。
理论上,随着基金的风险程度逐级降低,基金的管理费率呈现下降的趋势。QDII基金由于其涉及海外投资,其管理费率还包括支付给外方投资顾问的费用,国内7只QDII产品的管理费率基本是1.8%和1.85%,高于股票型基金最高的1.5%的费率水平。其中,银华全球核心、华夏全球精选和南方全球精选的费率水平较高;股票型基金的管理费介于0.5%与1.5%之间,ETF基金由于采取被动管理模式,其管理费率最低;积极配置型基金的费率水平介于1.2%至1.5%之间,不过富兰克林国海收益、宝康灵活配置和华安宝利配置等管理费率偏低;保守配置型基金中,年度管理费率从0.75%到1.5%不等,而南方宝元债券和国投瑞银融华债券均为0.75%;债券型基金的费率水平从0.41%到1.2%不等,如万家增强收益为1.2%。对于预期收益偏低的债券型基金,费率的高低对未来收益的影响尤为重要;货币市场基金的管理费率最低,均为0.33%。
整体来看,在市场长期向好的背景下,股票型基金较高的预期收益降低了投资者对费用的敏感程度。如果市场持续下跌,较高费率的股票型基金往往给投资者带来更大的损失。
如何比较基金费率
投资者不妨从两个方面着手:首先,确定投资哪种类型的基金后,传统的办法可以在同类基金之间进行费率的比较,注意区分投资策略不同的基金费率有所区别(例如主动、被动、指数增强型),同时投资风格不同的基金费率或有区别(如大盘蓝筹风格和小盘成长风格),因此,按照策略或投资风格角度分别比较基金的费率水平,选择适合自己的品种。
其次,在没有确定基金投资类型的时候,投资者不妨按费率由大到小进行排序,如果处于同一费率水平的基金中,各种类型的基金均有覆盖,不妨采取排除法剔除低风险、同时费率较高的基金。例如,国内基金1.5%的费率水平下,保守配置型基金有3只,分别为汇丰晋信2016、德盛安心成长和招商安泰平衡,46只积极配置型基金和179只股票型基金。在费率水平相当的背景下,普通投资者长期投资应该优先考虑股票型基金。
费率作为投资者选择基金的一个考虑因素,重要的是可以起到筛选品种的作用。
他山之石,可以攻玉
在境外,细心的投资者会发现,新基金有时比老基金的费率更高。老基金随运作时间的延长,规模慢慢膨胀,大规模基金通常有更多的持有人来分担运作费用。
对于一般企业而言,企业规模增大,平均固定成本随之降低。同样地,基金也存在着规模经济效应,基金规模越大,年度运作费用水平也应该较低。简言之,50%的资产规模增长并不需要增加50%的投研等基金管理费用。随着规模的增长,境外基金的费率通常会下调。
值得关注的是,国内基金在管理费率收取方面,仅博时价值增长和海富通收益增长两只基金净值在低于价值增长线的情况下不收取管理费,其余基金并未作出类似的管理费率调整方案。美国晨星在基金公司信托责任评级时将费用作为考察部分,主要涉及基金的费用比例是否低于同类平均,以及基金资产规模增长时是否降低费用比例。期待在国内基金行业的发展道路中,市场参与各方共同努力,更好地站在投资者的角度,保护投资者的利益。
郑重声明:本站所载内容不作为投资依据,仅供参考,据此入市,风险自担。
The operation of the Fund, including what rate
The world there is no free lunch, buy fund must also pay. Gong Mu Fund, including the cost of one-time costs and annual operating costs. Among them, one-time cost investors in the subscription, purchase or redemption of the Fund, the annual operating costs including management fees and trustee fees, in accordance with the percentage of net assets in the form of one-day Provision, end settlement. This means that, whether good or bad performance of the Fund, management fees and trustee fees have to pay. Imagine the day when the Fund does not make money, management fees and so operating costs will only enlarge the investor losses.
Breakdown of the operation rates
Rates in the operation of the same circumstances, investors in different investment yield varieties degree of sensitivity may be widely divergent. For example, the annual return of 20 per cent of the cost of stock deducted 2%, investors still get 18% of the income level. If the rate of two percent level, and the other stocks made only eight percent of the annual earnings, investors inevitably complaints, because the latter quarter of the proceeds are used to offset the cost.
In theory, with the fund gradually reduce the level of risk, the fund management rates show a downward trend. Because of its QDII funds involved in overseas investment, including its management rates paid to the cost of foreign investment advisers, seven QDII domestic product management of the basic rate is 1.8 percent and 1.85 percent, higher than the maximum equity fund of 1.5 per cent of the The level of rates. Among them, Yinhua global core, and the South China World's best selection of the global rate level higher equity fund management fees of between 0.5% and 1.5%, ETF funds due to passive management, management fees The lowest rate; actively targeted funds at the rate of between 1.2 to 1.5 percent between, but Franklin-income countries, Po Hong Huaan Baoli flexible configuration and configuration management, such as the low rates; conservative allocation funds, Annual management rates from 0.75% to 1.5%, while the South Bao-yuan bonds and UBS Investment into China bonds were 0.75 percent bond funds rate from 0.41 percent level to 1.2%, as 10,000 Enhance the income of 1.2%. For the low expected return of bond funds, the high and low rates on future earnings impact is particularly important in the management of money market funds rate a minimum, are 0.33 percent.
Overall, the market in the long-term good background, the equity fund higher expected return of investors to reduce the cost of the degree of sensitivity. If the market continued to decline, high rates of equity fund investors tend to bring about greater losses.
How to compare the rates
Investors may wish to proceed from two aspects: First, determine what type of investment fund, the traditional way of similar funds in the comparison between the rate and pay attention to distinguish between different investment strategies of the Fund are different rates (for example, take the initiative , Passive and enhanced index) and investment style of the fund rates or differentiated (such as blue-chip market and small capitalization growth style style), therefore, in accordance with the strategy or investment style perspective of the Fund's rates were relatively level, select the appropriate Their own species.
Secondly, the Fund did not identify the type of investment, investors may wish to sort Youdadaoxiao rates, if at the same rate the level of funds, various types of fund are covered, may wish to rule out the possibility of excluding low Risks and higher rates of the Fund. For example, domestic funds at the rate of 1.5 percent, the conservative allocation funds have three, namely HSBC Jinxin 2016, Dresdner comfort Aetna balanced growth and investment, 46 active targeting of funds and 179 equity funds. The level of rates is in the background, investors should give priority to long-term investment equity fund.
Investors choose funds rate as a factor, it is important that screening can play a variety of roles.
He mountains of stone, jade can attack
Outside, careful investors will find that the new fund at times than the old rates higher. With the old fund the extension of operating hours, gradually expanding the scale, large-scale fund holders usually have more people to share operating costs.
For general business, enterprise size increase, the average fixed costs decreased. Similarly, the Fund also exist in the economies of scale, the larger the fund, the annual operating costs should also be relatively low level. In short, 50 percent of the growth in asset size does not need an increase of 50 percent of the vote in research, such as fund management fees. As the scale of growth, foreign funds are usually lower rates.
It is worth noting that domestic rates in the management of funds collected, only Botswana, growth and value of the two Fortis earnings growth below the value of the net growth of the circumstances do not charge management fees, and the remaining funds did not make similar Management rate adjustment programmes. Morningstar fund companies in the United States fiduciary duty rating will be inspected as part of the cost, mainly involving the percentage of the fee is lower than the average similar, and the scale of growth of the Fund's assets is lower cost ratio. Look forward to the domestic fund industry in the development of roads, joint efforts of all parties involved in the market, investors stand a better perspective, the protection of the interests of investors.
Solemnly declare: this site contained not as an investment basis, for reference purposes only and thus enter the market, own risk.